Lenses come in a myriad of designs and configurations, but for the purposes of this discussion I
will break them down into three basic categories: Symmetrical, retrofocus and telephoto. These
three categories describe the basic configuration of the principal planes that are seen in most
SLR lenses. These categories have different meaning
s for normal and close-up photography.

For normal photography the
principal planes mainly determine factors such as: compatibility with
the flange focal distance and also compactness of the design. These factors really don't interfere
significantly in the actual taking of the picture.

For close-up photography the planes significantly affect the optical function of the lens will
determine things like working distance, magnification, action when reversed
. They will even have
some effect on resolution.
Basic SLR lens designs: Intro